PHP: 从 HTML 中分离

从 HTML 中分离

凡是在一对开始和结束标记之外的内容都会被 PHP 解析器忽略，这使得 PHP 文件可以具备混合内容。可以使 PHP 嵌入到 HTML 文档中去，如下例所示。

<p>This is going to be ignored by PHP and displayed by the browser.</p>
<?php echo 'While this is going to be parsed.'; ?>
<p>This will also be ignored by PHP and displayed by the browser.</p>

这将如预期中的运行，因为当 PHP 解释器碰到 ?> 结束标记时就简单地将其后内容原样输出（除非马上紧接换行 - 见指令分隔符）直到碰到下一个开始标记；例外是处于条件语句中间时，此时 PHP 解释器会根据条件判断来决定哪些输出，哪些跳过。见下例。

使用条件结构：

示例 #1 使用条件的高级分离术

<?php if ($expression == true): ?>
  This will show if the expression is true.
<?php else: ?>
  Otherwise this will show.
<?php endif; ?>

上例中 PHP 将跳过条件语句未达成的段落，即使该段落位于 PHP 开始和结束标记之外。由于 PHP 解释器会在条件未达成时直接跳过该段条件语句块，因此 PHP 会根据条件来忽略之。

要输出大段文本时，跳出 PHP 解析模式通常比将文本通过 echo 或 print 输出更有效率。

注意:
此外注意如果将 PHP 嵌入到 XML 或 XHTML 中则需要使用 <?php ?> 标记以保持符合标准。

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User Contributed Notes 12 notes

down

384

quickfur at quickfur dot ath dot cx ¶

13 years ago

When the documentation says that the PHP parser ignores everything outside the <?php ... ?> tags, it means literally EVERYTHING. Including things you normally wouldn't consider "valid", such as the following:

<html><body>
<p<?php if ($highlight): ?> class="highlight"<?php endif;?>>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body></html>

Notice how the PHP code is embedded in the middle of an HTML opening tag. The PHP parser doesn't care that it's in the middle of an opening tag, and doesn't require that it be closed. It also doesn't care that after the closing ?> tag is the end of the HTML opening tag. So, if $highlight is true, then the output will be:

<html><body>
<p class="highlight">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body></html>

Otherwise, it will be:

<html><body>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body></html>

Using this method, you can have HTML tags with optional attributes, depending on some PHP condition. Extremely flexible and useful!

down

ravenswd at gmail dot com ¶

14 years ago

One aspect of PHP that you need to be careful of, is that ?> will drop you out of PHP code and into HTML even if it appears inside a // comment. (This does not apply to /* */ comments.) This can lead to unexpected results. For example, take this line:

<?php
  $file_contents  = '<?php die(); ?>' . "\n";
?>

If you try to remove it by turning it into a comment, you get this:

<?php
//  $file_contents  = '<?php die(); ?>' . "\n";
?>

Which results in ' . "\n"; (and whatever is in the lines following it) to be output to your HTML page.

The cure is to either comment it out using /* */ tags, or re-write the line as:

<?php
  $file_contents  = '<' . '?php die(); ?' . '>' . "\n";
?>

down

gazianis005 at gmail dot com ¶

7 months ago

There are two types of escaping from HTML.
1.Normal escaping of using  outside of a pair of opening and closing tag
2.Advance escaping of  using conditions.

Example of normal escaping

<p>This is  going to be ignored by the php parser and displayed by the browser</p>
<?php echo 'This is going to be parsed';?>
<>This will also ignored by the php parser and displayed by the browser</> 

Example of  advanced escaping 

<?php if($expression == true): ?>
This will show if expression is true
<?php else : ?>
Otherwise  this will show
<?php endif ;?>

down

snor_007 at hotmail dot com ¶

13 years ago

Playing around with different open and close tags I discovered you can actually mix different style open/close tags

some examples

<%
//your php code here
?>

or

<script language="php">
//php code here
%>

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sgurukrupa at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago

Although not specifically pointed out in the main text, escaping from HTML also applies to other control statements:

<?php for ($i = 0; $i < 5; ++$i): ?>
Hello, there!
<?php endfor; ?>

When the above code snippet is executed we get the following output:

Hello, there!
Hello, there!
Hello, there!
Hello, there!

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-2

anisgazig at gmail dot com ¶

4 years ago

Version of  7.0.0,3 tags are available in php.
1.long form tag (<?php ?>)
2.short echo tag(<?= ?>)
3.short_open_tag(? ?)
You can use short_open_tag when you start xml with php.

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-3

bryanrojasq.wordpress.com ¶

1 year ago

Example for a basic implementation of ternary operator to validate and print a class in the layout.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title><?= $page_title ?></title>
</head>
<body <?= strtolower($page_slug) === 'homepage' ? 'class="page-homepage"' : ''; ?>>
    <section>
        <h1><?= $page_title ?></h1>
        <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
    </section>
</body>
</html>

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-6

mike at clove dot com ¶

12 years ago

It's possible to write code to create php escapes which can be processed later by substituting \x3f for '?' - as in echo "<\x3fphp echo 'foo'; \x3f>";

This is useful for creating a template parser which later is rendered by PHP.

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-23

davidhcefx ¶

3 years ago

When the PHP interpreter hits the ?> closing tags, it WON'T output right away if it's inside of a conditional statement:
(no matter if it's an Alternative Syntax or not)

<html>
<?php
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
if ($a === 1) {
    if ($b == 2) {
        ?><head></head><?php
    } else {
        ?><body></body><?php
    }
}
?>
</html>

This would output `<html><head></head></html>`.
Aside from conditional statements, the PHP interpreter also skip over functions! What a surprise!

<html>
<?php
function show($a) {
    ?>
    <a href="https://www.<?php echo $a ?>.com">
    Link
    </a>
    <?php
}
?>
<body>
    <?php show("google") ?>
</body>
</html>

This gives `<html><body><a href="https://www.google.com">Link</a></body></html>`.
These really confused me, because at first I thought it would output any HTML code right away, except for Alternative Syntaxes (/manual/en/control-structures.alternative-syntax.php). There are more strange cases than I thought.

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-19

Anonymous ¶

2 years ago

Since it's not documented (AFAICT) and it might cause confusion: a single line break immediately after ?> is ignored. Since whitespace is hard to see, whitespace is replaced with _ and the following code

<?php echo '1'; ?>
<?php echo '2'; ?>_
<?php echo '3'; ?>
_<?php echo '4'; ?>_<?php echo '5'; ?>

will produce

12_
3_4_5

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-28

anisgazig.com ¶

3 years ago

<p>This is ignore by the php parser and displayed by the browser </p>

 <?php echo "While this is going to be parsed"; ?>

 <?php 

when php interpreter hits the closing tag it start to outputing everything whatever it finds until it hit another opening tag.If php interpreter find a conditional statement in the middle of a block then php interpreter decided which block skip  

 Advanced escaping using conditions

  <?php $a = 10; if($a<100): ?>
  This conditional block is executed
  <?php else: ?>
      otherwise this will be executed
      <?php endif; ?>

In php 5 version,there are 5 opening and closing tags.
1.<?php echo "standard long form php tag and if you use xml with php this tag will be use";?>

2.<?= "short echo tag and alwayes available from 5.4.0";?>

3.<? echo "short open tag which is available if short_open_tag is enable in php ini configuration file directive or php was configured with --enable-short-tags.This tag has discoursed from php 7.If you want to use xml with php,then short_open_tag in php ini will be disabled";?>

4.<script language="php">
echo "Some editor do not like processing the code within this tag and this tag is removed from php 7.0.0 version";

</script>

5.<% echo "asp style tag and asp_tags should be enabled but now php 7.0.0 version,this tag is removed";%>

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-51

Emil Cataranciuc ¶

5 years ago

"<script language="php"> </script>, are always available." since PHP 7.0.0 is no longer true. These are removed along the ASP "<%, %>, <%=" tags.

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