PHP: elseif/else if - PHP中文网

elseif/else if

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

elseif，和此名称暗示的一样，是 if 和 else 的组合。和 else 一样，它延伸了 if 语句，可以在原来的 if 表达式值为 false 时执行不同语句。但是和 else 不一样的是，它仅在 elseif 的条件表达式值为 true 时执行语句。例如以下代码将根据条件分别显示 a is bigger than b，a equal to b 或者 a is smaller than b：

<?php
if ($a > $b) {
    echo "a is bigger than b";
} elseif ($a == $b) {
    echo "a is equal to b";
} else {
    echo "a is smaller than b";
}
?>

在一个 if 语句中可以有多个 elseif，其中将会执行第一个表达式值为 true（如果有的话）的 elseif。在 PHP 中，也可以写成 else if（两个单词），它和 elseif（一个单词）的行为完全一样。句法分析的含义有少许区别（行为与 C 相同），但是底线是两者会产生完全一样的行为。

elseif 的语句仅在之前的 if 和所有之前 elseif 的表达式值为 false，并且当前的 elseif 表达式值为 true 时执行。

注意: 必须要注意的是 elseif 与 else if 只有在类似上例中使用花括号的情况下才认为是完全相同。如果用冒号来定义 if/elseif 条件，必须在一个单词中使用 elseif。如果 else if 分割为两个单词，则 PHP 会产生解析错误。

<?php

/* 不正确的使用方法： */
if ($a > $b):
    echo $a." is greater than ".$b;
else if ($a == $b): // 将无法编译
    echo "The above line causes a parse error.";
endif;


/* 正确的使用方法： */
if ($a > $b):
    echo $a." is greater than ".$b;
elseif ($a == $b): // 注意使用了一个单词的 elseif
    echo $a." equals ".$b;
else:
    echo $a." is neither greater than or equal to ".$b;
endif;

?>

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User Contributed Notes 3 notes

down

Vladimir Kornea ¶

16 years ago

The parser doesn't handle mixing alternative if syntaxes as reasonably as possible.

The following is illegal (as it should be):

<?
if($a):
    echo $a;
else {
    echo $c;
}
?>

This is also illegal (as it should be):

<?
if($a) {
    echo $a;
}
else:
    echo $c;
endif;
?>

But since the two alternative if syntaxes are not interchangeable, it's reasonable to expect that the parser wouldn't try matching else statements using one style to if statement using the alternative style. In other words, one would expect that this would work:

<?
if($a):
    echo $a;
    if($b) {
      echo $b;
    }
else:
    echo $c;
endif;
?>

Instead of concluding that the else statement was intended to match the if($b) statement (and erroring out), the parser could match the else statement to the if($a) statement, which shares its syntax.

While it's understandable that the PHP developers don't consider this a bug, or don't consider it a bug worth their time, jsimlo was right to point out that mixing alternative if syntaxes might lead to unexpected results.

down

-8

mparsa1372 at gmail dot com ¶

2 years ago

The if...elseif...else statement executes different codes for more than two conditions.

Syntax:

if (condition) {
  code to be executed if this condition is true;
} elseif (condition) {
  code to be executed if first condition is false and this condition is true;
} else {
  code to be executed if all conditions are false;
}

Example:
Output "Have a good morning!" if the current time is less than 10, and "Have a good day!" if the current time is less than 20. Otherwise it will output "Have a good night!":

<?php
$t = date("H");

if ($t < "10") {
  echo "Have a good morning!";
} elseif ($t < "20") {
  echo "Have a good day!";
} else {
  echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>

down

-48

qualitycoder ¶

9 years ago

The reason 'else if' (with a space) works with traditional syntax and not colon syntax is because of a technicality.

<?php
  if($var == 'Whatever') {

  } else if($var == 'Something Else') {

  } 
?>

In this instance, the 'else if' is a shorthand/inline else statement (no curly braces) with the if statement as a body. It is the same things as:

<?php
  if($var == 'Whatever') {

  } else {
      if($var == 'Something Else') {

      }
  }
?>

If you were to write this with colon syntax, it would be:

<?php
  if($var == 'Whatever'):

  else:
      if($var == 'Something Else'):

      endif;
  endif;
?>

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